The fungus Candida albicans exists as a prevalent commensal and an important opportunistic pathogen that can infect multiple niches of its human host. Recent studies have examined the diploid genome of C. albicans by performing both short-term microevolution studies and comparative genomics on collections of clinical isolates. Common mechanisms driving genome dynamics include accumulation of point mutations, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) events, large-scale chromosomal rearrangements, and even ploidy change, with important consequences for both drug resistance and host adaptation. Evidence for recombination between C. albicans lineages also highlights a role for (para)sex in shaping the species population structure. Ongoing work will continue to define the contributions of genome evolution to phenotypic variation and the role of host pressures in driving adaptive processes.

中文翻译：

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白色念珠菌基因组进化的机制。

白色念珠菌是一种常见的共生菌，是一种重要的机会病原体，可以感染其人类宿主的多个壁ni。最近的研究已经通过对临床分离株进行短期微进化研究和比较基因组学研究了白色念珠菌的二倍体基因组。驱动基因组动力学的常见机制包括点突变的积累，杂合性（LOH）事件的丧失，大规模的染色体重排，甚至是倍性变化，这对耐药性和宿主适应性都有重要影响。白色念珠菌谱系之间重组的证据也凸显了对性在塑造物种种群结构中的作用。