Mast‐fruiting trees represent a pulsed resource that both supports and destabilizes consumer populations. Whereas a reliable resource is abundant on average and with limited variation in time and space, masting is volatile and localized, and that variability ramifies throughout food‐webs. Theory is developed to evaluate how the space–time structure of masting interacts with consumers who exploit alternative hosts, forage widely in space, and store reserves in time. We derive the space–time–species covariance in resource supply and combine it with the space–time–diet breadth of consumers, or ambit. Direct connection to data is made possible with Mast Inference and Forecasting (MASTIF), a state‐space autoregressive model that fits seed‐trap and canopy observations and predicts resource availability within the canopy and on the forest floor with full uncertainty. A resource score can be assigned to each consumer–habitat combination that integrates the benefits of a high mean supply weighed against the variance cost. As the consumer ambit increases, the volatility of an unreliable resource shifts from a variance cost to a mean benefit. Consumers foraging in the canopy (arboreal arthropods and rodents, song birds) experience space‐time covariance between host trees. Consumers on the forest floor (seed and damping‐off fungi, arthropods, rodents, ground‐nesting birds, mammals) experience instead a redistribution of that covariance by dispersal. For consumers lacking mobility, demographic storage in the form of episodic birth cohorts following mast years is important for population persistence. Consumers additionally compensate volatility with diet breadth. Depending on the dominant masting strategies of host tree species in the diet, habitats differentially limit consumers depending on the misalignment between consumer ambit and spatiotemporal covariance of hosts. The impact of adding or subtracting a diet item can be gauged with the standard error (SE) rule or the benefit of an added diet item balanced against the variance cost, both of which depend on the existing diet, the abundance of the new host, and the consumer's foraging ambit. Results rank habitats by their capacities to support wildlife and other consumers from a resource perspective. Results are connected directly to data, with full uncertainty, by MASTIF.

中文翻译：

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基于不可靠基础的食物网：时空桅杆与消费者移动，存储和饮食相结合

肥硕的果树代表着一种脉冲资源，既支持又破坏了消费者群体。平均而言，可靠的资源十分丰富，时间和空间的变化有限，而桅杆则是易变且局部的，而这种变化会影响整个食物网。发展了理论来评估桅杆的时空结构与利用替代性宿主，在太空中广泛觅食并及时存储储备的消费者之间的相互作用。我们推导出资源供应中的时空物种协方差，并将其与消费者的时空饮食广度或范围结合起来。借助桅杆推断和预测（MASTIF），可以直接连接到数据，一个状态空间自回归模型，该模型适合种子陷阱和林冠的观测，并在完全不确定的情况下预测林冠内和森林地面的资源可用性。可以将资源得分分配给每个消费者与栖息地的组合，该组合将高平均供给的收益与差异成本进行权衡。随着消费者范围的扩大，不可靠资源的波动性从差异成本转变为平均收益。消费者在树冠（树木节肢动物和啮齿动物，鸣鸟）中觅食，它们会经历宿主树之间的时空协方差。相反，林地上的消费者（种子和抑制真菌，节肢动物，啮齿动物，地面筑巢的鸟类，哺乳动物）则通过分散体验来重新分配该协方差。对于行动不便的消费者，在肥大年之后以偶发性出生队列的形式进行的人口统计存储对于人口持久性很重要。消费者还可以通过饮食范围来弥补波动性。根据饮食中寄主树种的优势种化策略，栖息地会根据消费者的消费意愿与寄主的时空协方差来限制消费者。可以通过标准误差（SE）规则或添加的饮食项目的收益与差异成本之间的平衡来衡量添加或减去饮食项目的影响，这两者都取决于现有饮食，新宿主的丰度，以及消费者的觅食范围。结果从资源角度对栖息地支持野生动植物和其他消费者的能力进行了排名。结果直接与数据相关联，完全不确定，