Modulation of chromatin templates in response to cellular cues, including DNA damage, relies heavily on the post-translation modification of histones. Numerous types of histone modifications including phosphorylation, methylation, acetylation, and ubiquitylation occur on specific histone residues in response to DNA damage. These histone marks regulate both the structure and function of chromatin, allowing for the transition between chromatin states that function in undamaged condition to those that occur in the presence of DNA damage. Histone modifications play well-recognized roles in sensing, processing, and repairing damaged DNA to ensure the integrity of genetic information and cellular homeostasis. This review highlights our current understanding of histone modifications as they relate to DNA damage responses (DDRs) and their involvement in genome maintenance, including the potential targeting of histone modification regulators in cancer, a disease that exhibits both epigenetic dysregulation and intrinsic DNA damage.

响应细胞线索（包括DNA损伤）的染色质模板的调节在很大程度上依赖于组蛋白的翻译后修饰。响应DNA损伤，特定组蛋白残基上会发生多种类型的组蛋白修饰，包括磷酸化，甲基化，乙酰化和泛素化。这些组蛋白标记可调节染色质的结构和功能，从而允许在无损条件下起作用的染色质状态与存在DNA损伤的情况下的染色质状态之间进行转换。组蛋白修饰在传感，加工和修复受损的DNA以确保遗传信息和细胞体内平衡的完整性方面起着公认的作用。