Here we used three different murine mammary carcinomas to study the immune environment associated with early tumor sites. While it was not surprising that the early immune response was predominated by macrophages and neutrophils, there were some novel findings at this early stage of disease. For instance, the macrophages and neutrophils expressed a mixed cytokine profile with TNF-α and TGF-β both produced at appreciable levels. Moreover, while the cells retained their phagocytic capacity, production of reactive oxygen species by the macrophages and neutrophils was in decline. Alterations in the metabolic profile of the tumor associated macrophages were also evident with a decrease in the ATP production rate, and a higher dependence on oxidative phosphorylation for ATP production. Collectively, these data indicate a mixed phenotype of tumor-associated macrophages and neutrophils evident within hours of murine mammary carcinoma delivery.

中文翻译：

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分析巨噬细胞和嗜中性粒细胞在肿瘤分娩后数小时内浸入鼠类乳腺癌的部位。

在这里，我们使用了三种不同的鼠类乳腺癌来研究与早期肿瘤部位相关的免疫环境。尽管早期的免疫反应被巨噬细胞和嗜中性粒细胞主导并不奇怪，但在疾病的早期阶段却发现了一些新发现。例如，巨噬细胞和嗜中性粒细胞表达了混合的细胞因子谱，其中TNF-α和TGF-β均以明显的水平产生。此外，尽管细胞保留了其吞噬能力，​​但巨噬细胞和嗜中性粒细胞产生的活性氧种类却在减少。肿瘤相关巨噬细胞的代谢特征的改变也很明显，随着ATP产生速率的降低，以及对ATP产生的氧化磷酸化的依赖性更高。总的来说，