The altered expression of miRNAs has been linked with neocarcinogenesis or the development of human malignancies including melanoma. Of significance, multiple clinical studies have documented that distinct sets of microRNAs (miRNAs) could be utilized as prognostic biomarkers for cancer development or predict the outcomes of treatment responses. To that end, an in-depth validation of such differentially expressed miRNAs is necessary in diverse settings of cancer patients in order to devise novel approaches to control tumor growth and/or enhance the efficacy of clinically-relevant therapeutic options. Moreover, considering the heterogeneity and sophisticated regulation of miRNAs, the precise delineation of their cellular targets could also be explored to design personalized medicine. Given the significance of miRNAs in regulating several key cellular processes of tumor cells including cell cycle progression and apoptosis, we review the findings of such miRNAs implicated in melanoma tumorigenesis. Understanding the novel mechanistic insights of such miRNAs will be useful for developing diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers or devising future therapeutic intervention for malignant melanoma.

miRNA表达的改变与新癌变或人类恶性肿瘤（包括黑色素瘤）的发展有关。重要的是，多项临床研究已经证明，不同组的microRNA（miRNA）可以用作癌症发展的预后生物标志物或预测治疗反应的结果。为此，为了设计新颖的方法来控制肿瘤的生长和/或增强临床相关治疗选择的效力，在癌症患者的不同环境中必须对这种差异表达的miRNA进行深入验证。此外，考虑到miRNA的异质性和复杂的调控，还可以探索其细胞靶标的精确描述来设计个性化药物。鉴于miRNA在调节肿瘤细胞的几个关键细胞过程（包括细胞周期进程和细胞凋亡）中的重要性，我们回顾了与黑色素瘤肿瘤发生有关的此类miRNA的发现。了解此类miRNA的新颖机制，将有助于开发诊断性或预后性生物标志物，或为恶性黑色素瘤制定未来的治疗性干预措施。