AIMS To assess the reported prevalence of left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) in different adult cohorts, taking in to consideration the role of diagnostic criteria and imaging modalities used. METHODS AND RESULTS A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting LVNC prevalence in adults. Studies were sourced from Pre-Medline, Medline, and Embase and assessed for eligibility according to inclusion criteria. Eligible studies provided a prevalence of LVNC in adult populations (≥12 years). Studies were assessed, and data extracted by two independent reviewers. Fifty-nine eligible studies documenting LVNC in 67 unique cohorts were included. The majority of studies were assessed as moderate or high risk of bias. The pooled prevalence estimates for LVNC were consistently higher amongst cohorts diagnosed on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging (14.79%, n = 26; I2 = 99.45%) compared with echocardiogram (1.28%, n = 36; I2 = 98.17%). This finding was unchanged when analysis was restricted to studies at low or moderate risk of bias. The prevalence of LVNC varied between disease and population representative cohorts. Athletic cohorts demonstrated high pooled prevalence estimates on echocardiogram (3.16%, n = 5; I2 = 97.37%) and CMR imaging (27.29%, n = 2). CONCLUSION Left ventricular non-compaction in adult populations is a poorly defined entity which likely encompasses both physiological adaptation and pathological disease. There is a higher prevalence with the introduction of newer imaging technologies, specifically CMR imaging, which identify LVNC changes more readily. The clinical significance of these findings remains unclear; however, there is significant potential for overdiagnosis, overtreatment, and unnecessary follow-up.

中文翻译：

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成人左心室致密化不全患病率的系统评价和荟萃分析

目的 考虑到所使用的诊断标准和成像方式的作用，评估报告的不同成人队列中左心室致密化不全 (LVNC) 的患病率。方法和结果 对报告成人 LVNC 患病率的研究进行系统评价和荟萃分析。研究来自 Pre-Medline、Medline 和 Embase，并根据纳入标准进行资格评估。符合条件的研究提供了成人人群（≥12 岁）中 LVNC 的患病率。对研究进行评估，并由两名独立审查员提取数据。59 项符合条件的研究记录了 67 个独特队列中的 LVNC。大多数研究被评估为中度或高度偏倚风险。与超声心动图（1.28%，n = 36；I2 = 98.17%）相比，在心脏磁共振 (CMR) 成像诊断的队列中，LVNC 的汇总患病率估计值始终较高（14.79%，n = 26；I2 = 99.45%）。当分析仅限于低或中等偏倚风险的研究时，这一发现没有改变。LVNC 的患病率在疾病和人群代表性队列之间有所不同。运动队列显示超声心动图（3.16%，n = 5；I2 = 97.37%）和 CMR 成像（27.29%，n = 2）的高汇总患病率估计值。结论 成人左心室致密化不全是一个定义不清的实体，可能包括生理适应和病理疾病。随着更新的成像技术的引入，特别是 CMR 成像，更容易识别 LVNC 变化。这些发现的临床意义尚不清楚。然而，过度诊断、过度治疗和不必要的随访的可能性很大。