Precise temporal and spatial control of gene expression is essential for brain development. Besides DNA sequence-specific transcription factors, epigenetic factors play an integral role in the control of gene expression in neurons. Among epigenetic mechanisms, chromatin remodeling enzymes have emerged as essential to the control of neural circuit assembly and function in the brain. Here, we review recent studies on the roles and mechanisms of the chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding (Chd) family of chromatin remodeling enzymes in the regulation of neuronal morphogenesis and connectivity in the mammalian brain. We explore the field through the lens of Chd3, Chd4, and Chd5 proteins, which incorporate into the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex, and the related proteins Chd7 and Chd8, implicated in the pathogenesis of intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorders. These studies have advanced our understanding of the mechanisms that regulate neuronal connectivity in brain development and neurodevelopmental disorders of cognition.

中文翻译：

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染色质重塑对哺乳动物大脑神经元连通性的调节。

基因表达的精确时空控制对于大脑发育至关重要。除了DNA序列特异性转录因子外，表观遗传因子在神经元基因表达的控制中也起着不可或缺的作用。在表观遗传机制中，染色质重塑酶已成为控制大脑神经回路组装和功能所必需的。在这里，我们综述了染色质重塑酶的染色质域-解旋酶-DNA结合（Chd）家族在调节哺乳动物大脑神经元形态发生和连通性中的作用和机制的最新研究。我们将通过Chd3，Chd4和Chd5蛋白质的镜头探索这一领域，这些蛋白质被整合入核小体重构和去乙酰化酶（NuRD）复合体，以及相关的蛋白质Chd7和Chd8，与智力障碍和自闭症谱系障碍的发病机制有关。这些研究使我们对调节大脑发育和认知神经发育障碍中的神经元连通性的机制有了更深入的了解。