The purpose of this paper is to explore and explain students’ achievements in solving context-based gas exercises comprising the macroscopic and submicroscopic levels of chemical concepts. The influence of specific variables, such as interest in learning, formal-reasoning abilities, and visualisation abilities, is a significant factor that should be considered when explaining students’ achievements with context-based exercises. Seventy-nine students of three age groups (12, 16, and 23) participated in the study. Questionnaires, tests, and a semi-structured interview including computer-displayed context-based exercises were used to collect data. In addition, an eye-tracker was used to determine the exact location of the participants’ points of gaze. The results show that students on average answered correctly from 40 to 79% of all questions in the context-based exercises. The context-based exercise related to air compression is indicated as being difficult for students. In students’ explanations of different levels of chemical concepts, representation difficulties are detected in all three age groups of students. Students’ achievements in solving context-based gas exercises do not depend on interest in learning chemistry and visualisation abilities. However, statistically significant differences exist in total fixation duration on the correct submicrorepresentation animation between students with different formal-reasoning abilities. The results serve as a starting point for the planning of different context-based exercises and problems comprising the chemistry triplet with 3D dynamic submicrorepresentations.

中文翻译：

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学生的教育背景，学习兴趣，形式推理和可视化能力对基于超微动画的基于气体上下文的练习成绩的影响

本文的目的是探索和解释学生在解决包括化学概念的宏观和亚微观层面在内的基于上下文的气体练习时所取得的成就。特定变量的影响，例如对学习的兴趣，正式推理能力和可视化能力，是在通过基于上下文的练习解释学生的成就时应考虑的重要因素。三个年龄段（12、16和23）的79名学生参加了这项研究。问卷调查，测试和半结构化访谈（包括计算机显示的基于情境的练习）用于收集数据。另外，使用眼动仪确定参与者注视点的确切位置。结果表明，在基于情境的练习中，学生平均能正确回答所有问题的40％至79％。与空气压缩有关的基于情境的练习对学生而言很困难。在学生对不同化学概念水平的解释中，在所有三个年龄段的学生中都发现了表达困难。学生在解决基于上下文的气体练习方面的成就并不取决于对化学和可视化能力的兴趣。但是，在具有不同形式推理能力的学生之间，正确的亚显微表现动画的总注视持续时间存在统计学上的显着差异。