The microbiome mediates constant bidirectional communication with the host immune system in a delicate balance of inducing pathogenic infection or residing in the human body in a commensal state. Dysbiosis is a hallmark of several autoimmune and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Various pathways involved in microbiome-induced autoimmunity are activated when a genetic defect or microbial trigger is found in the inflammasome, neutrophil extracellular trap, or receptors for microbial sensitization in the innate immune system or when similar defects are present in T or B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system. Regulating autoimmunity through microbiome modulation may be highly effective as a therapeutic intervention.

微生物组介导与宿主免疫系统之间不断的双向通讯，从而在致病性感染或处于正常状态的人体中保持微妙的平衡。营养不良是几种自身免疫和免疫介导的炎性疾病的标志。当在先天免疫系统的炎症小体，嗜中性粒细胞胞外诱捕器或微生物致敏受体中发现遗传缺陷或微生物触发时，或在T淋巴细胞或B淋巴细胞中存在类似缺陷时，就会激活涉及微生物组诱导的自身免疫的各种途径。适应性免疫系统。通过微生物组调节来调节自身免疫作为治疗干预可能非常有效。