Blood flow-restricted resistance exercise (BFRRE) has been shown to induce increases in muscle size and strength, and continues to generate interest from both clinical and basic research points of view. The low loads employed, typically 20%-50% of the one repetition maximum, make BFRRE an attractive training modality for individuals who may not tolerate high musculoskeletal forces (eg, selected clinical patient groups such as frail old adults and patients recovering from sports injury) and/or for highly trained athletes who have reached a plateau in muscle mass and strength. It has been proposed that achieving a high degree of muscle fibre recruitment is important for inducing muscle hypertrophy with BFRRE, and the available evidence suggest that fatiguing low-load exercise during ischemic conditions can recruit both slow (type I) and fast (type II) muscle fibres. Nevertheless, closer scrutiny reveals that type II fibre activation in BFRRE has to date largely been inferred using indirect methods such as electromyography and magnetic resonance spectroscopy, while only rarely addressed using more direct methods such as measurements of glycogen stores and phosphocreatine levels in muscle fibres. Hence, considerable uncertainity exists about the specific pattern of muscle fibre activation during BFRRE. Therefore, the purpose of this narrative review was (1) to summarize the evidence on muscle fibre recruitment during BFRRE as revealed by various methods employed for determining muscle fibre usage during exercise, and (2) to discuss reported findings in light of the specific advantages and limitations associated with these methods.

中文翻译：

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低负荷血流限制肌力运动时肌纤维的活化和疲劳-一项综合生理学评论。

限制血液流动的阻力运动（BFRRE）已被证明可引起肌肉大小和力量的增加，并且从临床和基础研究的角度来看，都继续引起人们的兴趣。较低的负荷（通常是一个重复最大负荷的20％-50％）使BFRRE成为可能无法忍受高肌肉骨骼力量的个人（例如，某些临床患者群体，例如体弱的老年人和运动损伤中康复的患者）的一种有吸引力的训练方式）和/或训练有素的肌肉质量和力量达到稳定水平的运动员。有人提出，要使BFRRE诱导肌肉肥大，实现高度的肌肉纤维募集非常重要，现有的证据表明，在缺血状态下使低负荷运动富有疲劳性，可以同时吸收慢速（I型）和快速（II型）肌肉纤维。然而，更仔细的研究表明，迄今为止，BFRRE中的II型纤维激活很大程度上是通过使用间接方法（例如肌电图和磁共振波谱法）推断出来的，而很少使用更直接的方法（例如测量糖原和肌纤维中糖原的含量）来解决。因此，在BFRRE期间肌纤维激活的具体模式存在相当大的不确定性。因此，本篇叙事综述的目的是（1）总结BFRRE期间肌肉纤维募集的证据，该证据通过确定运动中肌肉纤维使用量的各种方法揭示出来，