Macrophages are major upstream regulators of the inflammatory response to implanted biomaterials. Sequential functions of distinct macrophage phenotypes are essential to the normal tissue repair process, which ideally results in vascularization and integration of implants. Improper timing of M1 or M2 macrophage activation results in dysfunctional healing in the form of chronic inflammation or fibrous encapsulation of the implant. Thus, biphasic drug delivery systems that modulate macrophage behavior are an appealing approach to promoting implant integration. In this review, we describe the timing and roles of macrophage phenotypes in healing, then highlight current drug delivery systems designed to sequentially modulate macrophage behavior.

巨噬细胞是对植入的生物材料的炎症反应的主要上游调节剂。独特的巨噬细胞表型的顺序功能对于正常的组织修复过程至关重要，理想情况下可导致植入物的血管形成和整合。M1或M2巨噬细胞活化的时机不当会导致慢性炎症或植入物的纤维包封形式的功能失调的愈合。因此，调节巨噬细胞行为的双相药物递送系统是促进植入物整合的有吸引力的方法。在这篇综述中，我们描述了巨噬细胞表型在愈合中的时机和作用，然后重点介绍了旨在顺序调节巨噬细胞行为的当前药物递送系统。