Early detection and effective treatments are two of the greatest challenges in the fight against cancer. Cancer-derived exosomes are attractive biomarkers for the early diagnosis and therapeutic response evaluation of cancer. Here, we review recent advances in biosensors for the detection of cancer-derived exosomes. We discuss the potential exosomal biomarkers of various cancers, which can be applied as indicative targets in the design of biosensors. We further describe the fabrication of exosome detection biosensors with respect to biological recognition strategies and signal transduction techniques, which involve integrated scientific and technological aspects of analytical chemistry and nanotechnology. Furthermore, future research directions and challenges in using cancer-derived exosomes for point-of-care (POC) testing are presented.

早期发现和有效治疗是抗击癌症的两个最大挑战。癌症来源的囊泡是癌症的早期诊断和治疗反应评估的有吸引力的生物标记。在这里，我们回顾了用于检测癌症来源的外泌体的生物传感器的最新进展。我们讨论了各种癌症的潜在外泌体生物标志物，可以将其用作生物传感器设计中的指示性靶标。我们进一步描述了关于生物识别策略和信号转导技术的外泌体检测生物传感器的制造，其中涉及分析化学和纳米技术的综合科学和技术方面。此外，提出了使用癌症衍生的外来体进行即时护理（POC）测试的未来研究方向和挑战。