The function of fitness (or molecular activity) in the space of all possible sequences is known as the fitness landscape. Evolution is a random walk on the fitness landscape, with a bias toward climbing hills. Mapping the topography of real fitness landscapes is fundamental to understanding evolution, but previous efforts were hampered by the difficulty of obtaining large, quantitative data sets. The accessibility of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) has transformed this study, enabling large-scale enumeration of fitness for many mutants and even complete sequence spaces in some cases. We review the progress of high-throughput studies in mapping molecular fitness landscapes, both in vitro and in vivo, as well as opportunities for future research. Such studies are rapidly growing in number. HTS is expected to have a profound effect on the understanding of real molecular fitness landscapes.

中文翻译：

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高覆盖序列分析的分子适应性景观。

在所有可能序列的空间中，适应度（或分子活性）的功能被称为适应度景观。进化是在健身景观上随意漫步，偏向爬山。绘制真实健身景观的地形图是了解进化的基础，但是以前的努力因获取大型定量数据集的困难而受到阻碍。高通量测序（HTS）的可访问性已改变了这项研究，在某些情况下可以大规模枚举适用于许多突变体的序列，甚至完整的序列空间。我们回顾了高通量研究在绘制分子适应性景观方面的进展，包括体内和体外，以及未来研究的机会。这些研究的数量正在迅速增长。