Impressive though the achievements of single-particle cryo-electron microscopy are today, a substantial gap still remains between what is currently accomplished and what is theoretically possible. As is reviewed here, twofold or more improvements are possible as regards (a) the detective quantum efficiency of cameras at high resolution, (b) converting phase modulations to intensity modulations in the image, and (c) recovering the full amount of high-resolution signal in the presence of beam-induced motion of the specimen. In addition, potential for improvement is reviewed for other topics such as optimal choice of electron energy, use of aberration correctors, and quantum metrology. With the help of such improvements, it does not seem to be too much to imagine that determining the structural basis for every aspect of catalytic control, signaling, and regulation, in any type of cell of interest, could easily be accelerated fivefold or more.

中文翻译：

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单颗粒Cryo-EM的性能如何？在接近其物理极限之前还剩下什么？

尽管单颗粒低温电子显微镜的成就今天令人印象深刻，但目前完成的工作与理论上可能的工作之间仍然存在很大差距。如此处所述，就以下方面而言，可能有双重或更多的改进：（a）高分辨率相机的探测量子效率；（b）将图像中的相位调制转换为强度调制；以及（c）回收全部的高光束引起的标本运动时的分辨率信号。此外，还对其他方面的改进潜力进行了审查，例如电子能量的最佳选择，像差校正器的使用和量子计量学。借助这些改进，似乎并不太想像是确定催化控制，信号转导，