Nucleosomes and chromatin control eukaryotic genome accessibility and thereby regulate DNA processes, including transcription, replication, and repair. Conformational dynamics within the nucleosome and chromatin structure play a key role in this regulatory function. Structural fluctuations continuously expose internal DNA sequences and nucleosome surfaces, thereby providing transient access for the nuclear machinery. Progress in structural studies of nucleosomes and chromatin has provided detailed insight into local chromatin organization and has set the stage for recent in-depth investigations of the structural dynamics of nucleosomes and chromatin fibers. Here, we discuss the dynamic processes observed in chromatin over different length scales and timescales and review current knowledge about the biophysics of distinct structural transitions.

中文翻译：

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染色质动力学的生物物理学。

核小体和染色质控制真核生物基因组的可及性，从而调节DNA的过程，包括转录，复制和修复。核小体和染色质结构内的构象动力学在该调节功能中起关键作用。结构的波动不断暴露内部的DNA序列和核小体表面，从而为核机械提供了短暂的通道。核小体和染色质结构研究的进展为局部染色质的组织提供了详细的见识，并为近期深入研究核小体和染色质纤维的结构动力学奠定了基础。在这里，我们讨论了染色质在不同长度范围和时间范围内观察到的动态过程，并回顾了有关不同结构转变的生物物理学的当前知识。