Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) mediate nucleocytoplasmic exchange. They are exceptionally large protein complexes that fuse the inner and outer nuclear membranes to form channels across the nuclear envelope. About 30 different protein components, termed nucleoporins, assemble in multiple copies into an intricate cylindrical architecture. Here, we review our current knowledge of the structure of nucleoporins and how those come together in situ. We delineate architectural principles on several hierarchical organization levels, including isoforms, posttranslational modifications, nucleoporins, and higher-order oligomerization of nucleoporin subcomplexes. We discuss how cells exploit this modularity to faithfully assemble NPCs.

中文翻译：

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核孔综合体的结构和组装。

核孔复合物（NPC）介导核质交换。它们是异常大的蛋白质复合物，可融合内核膜和外核膜，形成跨越核膜的通道。大约30种不同的蛋白质成分（称为核孔蛋白）以多份形式组装成复杂的圆柱状结构。在这里，我们回顾了我们目前对核孔蛋白的结构以及它们如何在原位结合在一起的知识。我们在几个层次的组织级别上描述了架构原理，包括同工型，翻译后修饰，核孔蛋白和核孔蛋白亚复合物的高阶低聚。我们讨论单元如何利用这种模块化来忠实地组装NPC。