A wide range of cell-microenvironmental interactions are mediated by membrane-localized receptors that bind ligands present on another cell or the extracellular matrix. This situation introduces a number of physical effects including spatial organization of receptor-ligand complexes and development of mechanical forces in cells. Unlike traditional experimental approaches, hybrid live cell-supported lipid bilayer (SLB) systems, wherein a live cell interacts with a synthetic substrate supported membrane, allow interrogation of these aspects of receptor signaling. The SLB system directly offers facile control over the identity, density, and mobility of ligands used for engaging cellular receptors. Further, application of various nano- and micropatterning techniques allows for spatial patterning of ligands. In this review, we describe the hybrid live cell-SLB system and its application in uncovering a range of spatial and mechanical aspects of receptor signaling. We highlight the T cell immunological synapse, junctions formed between EphA2- and ephrinA1-expressing cells, and adhesions formed by cadherin and integrin receptors.

中文翻译：

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混合活细胞支持的膜接口，用于信号研究。

广泛的细胞微环境相互作用是由膜定位的受体介导的，该受体结合存在于另一细胞或细胞外基质上的配体。这种情况引入了许多物理效应，包括受体-配体复合物的空间组织以及细胞中机械力的发展。与传统的实验方法不同，杂交活细胞支持的脂质双层（SLB）系统（其中活细胞与合成的基质支持膜相互作用）允许询问受体信号传导的这些方面。SLB系统直接提供了对用于接合细胞受体的配体的身份，密度和迁移率的便捷控制。此外，各种纳米和微图案化技术的应用允许配体的空间图案化。在这篇评论中，我们描述了混合活细胞SLB系统及其在揭示受体信号传导的空间和机械方面的范围中的应用。我们重点介绍了T细胞免疫突触，EphA2和ephrinA1表达细胞之间形成的连接以及钙粘蛋白和整联蛋白受体形成的粘连。