Prostate cancer (PC) is the most frequently diagnosed male malignancy in the developed world.¹ PC evolves from high grade prostatic intra-epithelial neoplasia lesions which may progress to metastasis diseases.² Primary PCs are managed by a variety of treatment options including active surveillance, surgery, and radiation; treatment choices consider multiple factors such as disease severity, patient age and preference. The severity of PCs is graded using the Gleason score (GS) and GS-based World Health Organization (WHO) PC grading system (WHO grade group 1–5) or its equivalent ISUP (the International Society of Urological Pathology) grade.^3–5 Aproximately 30% of tumors will relapse following surgery, evident by an increase in serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a process that is known as biochemical recurrence (BCR).⁶ The recurrence is a major progression of PC, which often results in poor prognosis; a large percentage of relapsed PCs will progress to metastatic disease.⁷ With a few exceptions, metastases remain incurable. Metastatic PCs are managed with androgen-deprivation therapy, which was based on the seminal discovery of PC proliferation relying on androgen signaling in the 1940s.^8,9 Nonetheless, metastatic castration-resistant PC (mCRPC) inevitably occurs.^10,11 Although mCRPC can be treated with taxane-based chemotherapy, androgen receptor (AR)-targeting therapy involving either abiraterone or enzalutamide,^11–13 and immunotherapy,^14,15 these treatments offer modest benefits in these patients.^11,16 The progression of PC is regulated by complex networks, of which our understanding remains limited.

中文翻译：

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FAM84B 通过网络改变促进前列腺肿瘤发生

前列腺癌 (PC) 是发达国家最常被诊断出的男性恶性肿瘤。¹ PC 从可能进展为转移性疾病的高级别前列腺上皮内瘤变病变演变而来。²原发性 PC 通过多种治疗方案进行管理，包括主动监测、手术和放射治疗；治疗选择要考虑多种因素，例如疾病严重程度、患者年龄和偏好。PC 的严重程度使用 Gleason 评分 (GS) 和基于 GS 的世界卫生组织 (WHO) PC 分级系统（WHO 等级组 1-5）或其等效 ISUP（国际泌尿病理学会）等级进行分级。^3–5大约 30% 的肿瘤会在手术后复发，这表现为血清前列腺特异性抗原 (PSA) 的增加，这一过程被称为生化复发 (BCR)。⁶复发是PC的主要进展，常导致预后不良；很大一部分复发的 PC 会发展为转移性疾病。⁷除了少数例外，转移灶仍然无法治愈。转移性 PC 采用雄激素剥夺疗法进行管理，该疗法基于 1940 年代依赖雄激素信号传导的 PC 增殖的开创性发现。^8,9尽管如此，转移性去势抵抗性 PC (mCRPC) 不可避免地会发生。^10,11尽管 mCRPC 可以通过基于紫杉烷的化疗、雄激素受体 (AR) 靶向治疗（包括阿比特龙或恩杂鲁胺^11-13和免疫治疗^14,15 ）来治疗，但这些治疗对这些患者的益处不大。^11,16 PC 的发展受到复杂网络的调节，我们对此的理解仍然有限。