Wearable healthcare devices are mainly used for biosensing and transdermal delivery. Recent advances in wearable biosensors allow for long-term and real-time monitoring of physiological conditions at a cellular resolution. Transdermal drug delivery systems have been further scaled down, enabling wide selections of cargo, from natural molecules (e.g., insulin and glucose) to bioengineered molecules (e.g., nanoparticles). Some emerging nanopatches show promise for precise single-cell gene transfection in vivo and have advantages over conventional tools in terms of delivery efficiency, safety, and controllability of delivered dose. In this review, we discuss recent technical advances in wearable micro/nano devices with unique capabilities or potential for single-cell biosensing and transfection in the skin or other organs, and suggest future directions for these fields.

可穿戴医疗设备主要用于生物传感和透皮给药。可穿戴生物传感器的最新进展允许以细胞分辨率对生理条件进行长期和实时监测。透皮给药系统已进一步缩小规模，使货物的选择范围更广，从天然分子（例如，胰岛素和葡萄糖）到生物工程分子（例如，纳米颗粒）。一些新兴的纳米贴片有望在体内进行精确的单细胞基因转染并且在递送效率、安全性和递送剂量的可控性方面优于传统工具。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了具有独特能力或潜力的可穿戴微/纳米设备在皮肤或其他器官中进行单细胞生物传感和转染的最新技术进展，并为这些领域提出了未来的发展方向。