Childhood adversity, such as physical, sexual, and verbal abuse, as well as neglect and family conflict, is a risk factor for schizophrenia. Such adversity can lead to disruptions of cognitive function during development, undermining intellectual capabilities and academic achievement. Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is associated with cognitive impairments that may become evident during childhood. The Australian Schizophrenia Research Bank database comprises a large community cohort (N = 1169) in which we previously identified 3 distinct cognitive groups among people with schizophrenia: (1) Compromised, current, and estimated premorbid cognitive impairment; (2) Deteriorated, substantial decline from estimated premorbid function; and (3) Preserved, performing in the normal cognitive range without decline. The compromised group displayed the worst functional and symptom outcomes. Here, we extend our previous work by assessing the relationship among these categories of cognitive abilities and reported childhood adversity in 836 patients and healthy controls. Exploratory factor analysis of the Childhood Adversity Questionnaire revealed 3 factors (lack of parental involvement; overt abuse; family breakdown and hardship). People with schizophrenia reported significantly more childhood adversity than healthy controls on all items and factors. People with schizophrenia in the compromised group reported significantly more lack of parental involvement and family breakdown and hardship and lower socioeconomic status than those in the deteriorated group. The cognitive groups were not related to family history of psychosis. These findings identify specific social and family factors that impact cognition, highlighting the important role of these factors in the development of cognitive and functional abilities in schizophrenia.

中文翻译：

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儿童逆境对精神分裂症认知发展的影响。

童年时期的逆境，例如身体，性和语言虐待，以及忽视和家庭冲突，是精神分裂症的危险因素。这种逆境可能会导致发育过程中的认知功能中断，破坏智力和学术成就。精神分裂症是一种神经发育障碍，与认知障碍有关，这种认知障碍可能在儿童时期就变得很明显。澳大利亚精神分裂症研究银行数据库包含一个大型社区队列（N = 1169），在该队列中，我们先前在精神分裂症患者中确定了3个不同的认知类别：（1）受损，当前和估计的病前认知障碍；（2）与估计的病前功能相比恶化，大量下降；（3）保持，在正常的认知范围内表现不下降。受损人群的功能和症状预后最差。在这里，我们通过评估这些类别的认知能力之间的关系以及在836名患者和健康对照组中报告的儿童逆境来扩展我们以前的工作。对《童年逆境调查表》的探索性因素分析显示了3个因素（缺乏父母的参与；明显的虐待；家庭破裂和困难）。在所有项目和因素上，精神分裂症患者报告的儿童逆境要比健康对照组多得多。受损人群中的精神分裂症患者报告的父母缺乏参与，家庭破裂和困难的情况明显多于贫困人群，他们的社会经济地位较低。认知组与精神病的家族史无关。