Interferons (IFNs) have been reported in vertebrates from fish to mammals. To date, two types of IFNs, i.e. type I and type II IFNs have been reported in a range of fish species in aquaculture. In fish, type I IFNs are clarified into group I and group II, with two cysteines and four cysteines, and further into subgroups a, d, e, h, and b, c, f, respectively. Group I IFNs appear to exist in all fish species, whereas group II IFNs are discovered only in certain species such as cyprinids, salmonids and perciform fish. It seems preferentially functional that group I IFNs signal through cytokine receptor family B (CRFB) 5 and CRFB1, while group II IFNs through CRFB5 and CRFB2. But they all initiate a same signalling pathway for the expression of interferon induced genes. The information about the production and the function of type I IFNs in fish are further summarized in the review. Interestingly, two members of type II IFNs, IFN‐γ and a unique member, IFN‐γ related gene (IFN‐γrel) exist in fish, and IFN‐γ and IFN‐γrel can separately become homodimers for signalling through CRFB13, CRFB17, CRFB6 and CRFB17, respectively. In addition, the variation in the composition of type I and type II IFNs as well as in their receptors in some cyprinid and salmonid fish has also been reviewed. It is suggested that future perspectives for the research on type I and type II IFNs in fish are outlined from a comparative and evolutionary point of view.

中文翻译：

---

鱼I型和II型干扰素：组成，受体用法，产量和功能

已经报道了从鱼类到哺乳动物的脊椎动物中的干扰素（IFN）。迄今为止，已经在水产养殖的多种鱼类中报告了两种类型的IFN，即I型和II型IFN。在鱼类中，将I型干扰素分为I组和II组，分别具有两个半胱氨酸和四个半胱氨酸，并进一步分为亚组a，d，e，h和b，c，f。I类干扰素似乎存在于所有鱼类中，而II类IFN仅在某些物种中被发现，例如塞浦路斯，鲑鱼和鲈形鱼。第一组干扰素通过细胞因子受体家族B（CRFB）5和CRFB1发出信号，而第二组干扰素通过CRFB5和CRFB2发出信号似乎是优先起作用的。但是它们都为干扰素诱导的基因表达启动了相同的信号通路。该评价进一步总结了有关鱼类中I型干扰素的产生和功能的信息。有趣的是，鱼中存在II型IFN的两个成员IFN-γ和一个独特的成员IFN-γ相关基因（IFN-γrel），并且IFN-γ和IFN-γrel可以分别成为同二聚体，通过CRFB13，CRFB17发出信号， CRFB6和CRFB17分别。此外，还审查了某些鲤鱼和鲑鱼中I型和II型IFN的组成及其受体的变化。建议从比较和进化的角度概述鱼类中I型和II型IFN的研究前景。IFN-γ和IFN-γrel可以分别成为同二聚体，分别通过CRFB13，CRFB17，CRFB6和CRFB17发出信号。此外，还审查了某些鲤鱼和鲑鱼中I型和II型IFN的组成及其受体的变化。建议从比较和进化的角度概述鱼类中I型和II型IFN的研究前景。IFN-γ和IFN-γrel可以分别成为同二聚体，分别通过CRFB13，CRFB17，CRFB6和CRFB17发出信号。此外，还审查了某些鲤鱼和鲑鱼中I型和II型IFN的组成及其受体的变化。建议从比较和进化的角度概述鱼类中I型和II型IFN的研究前景。