Interest in the application of semiconductors toward the photocatalytic generation of solar fuels, including hydrogen from water-splitting and hydrocarbons from the reduction of carbon dioxide, remains strong due to concerns over the continued emission of greenhouse gases as well as other environmental impacts from the use of fossil fuels. While the efficiency and durability of such systems will depend heavily on the types of the semiconductors, co-catalysts, and mediators employed, the dimensionality of the semiconductors employed can also have a significant impact. Recognizing the broad nature of this field and the many recent advances in it, this review focuses on the emerging approaches from 0-dimensional (0D) to 3-dimensional (3D) semiconductor photocatalysts towards efficient solar fuels generation. We place particular emphasis on systems that are “semi-artificial”, that is, hybrid systems that integrate naturally occurring enzymes or whole cells with semiconductor components that harvest light energy. The semiconductors in these systems must have suitable interfacial properties for immobilization of enzymes to be effective photocatalysts. These requirements are particularly sensitive to surface structures and morphology, making the semiconductor dimensionality a critical factor. In addition to providing an overview of advances towards designing 3D architecture in semi-artificial photosynthetic field, we also present recent advances in fabrication strategies for 3D inorganic photocatalysts.

由于人们对温室气体的持续排放以及使用产生的其他环境影响的关注，人们对将半导体用于光催化生产太阳能燃料的兴趣仍然很浓，包括分解水产生的氢和二氧化碳还原产生的碳氢化合物。化石燃料。尽管此类系统的效率和耐用性将在很大程度上取决于所用半导体，助催化剂和介体的类型，但所用半导体的尺寸也会产生重大影响。认识到该领域的广泛性质和该领域的许多最新进展，本综述着重于从0维（0D）到3维（3D）半导体光催化剂向高效太阳能燃料产生的新兴方法。我们特别强调“半人工”系统，即将自然产生的酶或整个细胞与收集光能的半导体组件整合在一起的混合系统。这些系统中的半导体必须具有合适的界面性质，才能将酶固定化为有效的光催化剂。这些要求对表面结构和形态特别敏感，从而使半导体尺寸成为关键因素。除了概述半人工光合作用领域中设计3D体系结构的进展概述之外，我们还介绍了3D无机光催化剂制造策略的最新进展。将自然产生的酶或整个细胞与收集光能的半导体组件整合在一起的混合系统。这些系统中的半导体必须具有合适的界面性质，才能将酶固定化为有效的光催化剂。这些要求对表面结构和形态特别敏感，从而使半导体尺寸成为关键因素。除了概述半人工光合作用领域中设计3D体系结构的进展概述之外，我们还介绍了3D无机光催化剂制造策略的最新进展。将自然产生的酶或整个细胞与收集光能的半导体组件整合在一起的混合系统。这些系统中的半导体必须具有合适的界面性质，才能将酶固定化为有效的光催化剂。这些要求对表面结构和形态特别敏感，从而使半导体尺寸成为关键因素。除了概述在半人工光合作用领域中设计3D体系结构的进展概述之外，我们还介绍了3D无机光催化剂制造策略的最新进展。使半导体尺寸成为关键因素。除了概述在半人工光合作用领域中设计3D体系结构的进展概述之外，我们还介绍了3D无机光催化剂制造策略的最新进展。使半导体尺寸成为关键因素。除了概述半人工光合作用领域中设计3D体系结构的进展概述之外，我们还介绍了3D无机光催化剂制造策略的最新进展。