The N-degron pathway, formerly the N-end rule pathway, regulates functions of regulatory proteins. It impacts protein half-life and therefore directs the actual presence of target proteins in the cell. The current concept holds that the N-degron pathway depends on the identity of the amino (N)-terminal amino acid and many other factors, such as the follow-up sequence at the N terminus, conformation, flexibility, and protein localization. It is evolutionarily conserved throughout the kingdoms. One possible entry point for substrates of the N-degron pathway is oxidation of N-terminal Cys residues. Oxidation of N-terminal Cys is decisive for further enzymatic modification of various neo-N termini by arginylation that generates potentially neofunctionalized or instable proteoforms. Here, I focus on the posttranslational modifications that are encompassed by protein degradation via the Cys/Arg branch of the N-degron pathway-part of the PROTEOLYSIS 6 (PRT6)/N-degron pathway-as well as the underlying physiological principles of this branch and its biological significance in stress response.

中文翻译：

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压力生理学中通过 N-Degron 通路介导的蛋白质稳态的条件蛋白质功能

N-degron 通路，以前称为 N 端规则通路，调节调节蛋白的功能。它影响蛋白质半衰期，因此指导细胞中目标蛋白质的实际存在。目前的概念认为N-degron途径取决于氨基（N）端氨基酸的身份和许多其他因素，例如N端的后续序列、构象、灵活性和蛋白质定位。它在整个王国中在进化上是保守的。N-degron 途径底物的一个可能切入点是 N 端 Cys 残基的氧化。N 端 Cys 的氧化对于通过精氨酸化对各种新 N 端的进一步酶促修饰是决定性的，精氨酸化会产生潜在的新功能化或不稳定的蛋白质型。这里，