Heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins are key regulators of a multitude of signaling pathways in all eukaryotes. Although the core G-protein components and their basic biochemistries are broadly conserved throughout evolution, the regulatory mechanisms of G proteins seem to have been rewired in plants to meet specific needs. These proteins are currently the focus of intense research in plants due to their involvement in many agronomically important traits, such as seed yield, organ size regulation, biotic and abiotic stress responses, symbiosis, and nitrogen use efficiency. The availability of massive sequence information from a variety of plant species, extensive biochemical data generated over decades, and impressive genetic resources for plant G proteins have made it possible to examine their role, unique properties, and novel regulation. This review focuses on some recent advances in our understanding of the mechanistic details of this critical signaling pathway to enable the precise manipulation and generation of plants to meet future needs.

中文翻译：

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植物中的异三聚体 G 蛋白信号传导：保守和新颖的机制

异三聚体 GTP 结合蛋白是所有真核生物中众多信号通路的关键调节因子。尽管核心 G 蛋白成分及其基本生物化学在整个进化过程中广泛保存，但 G 蛋白的调节机制似乎已在植物中重新连接以满足特定需求。这些蛋白质目前是植物深入研究的焦点，因为它们涉及许多重要的农艺性状，例如种子产量、器官大小调节、生物和非生物胁迫反应、共生和氮利用效率。来自各种植物物种的大量序列信息、数十年来产生的大量生化数据以及令人印象深刻的植物 G 蛋白遗传资源使得研究它们的作用、独特特性和新调控成为可能。