Plant cells divide their cytoplasmic content by forming a new membrane compartment, the cell plate, via a rerouting of the secretory pathway toward the division plane aided by a dynamic cytoskeletal apparatus known as the phragmoplast. The phragmoplast expands centrifugally and directs the cell plate to the preselected division site at the plasma membrane to fuse with the parental wall. The division site is transiently decorated by the cytoskeletal preprophase band in preprophase and prophase, whereas a number of proteins discovered over the last decade reside continuously at the division site and provide a lasting spatial reference for phragmoplast guidance. Recent studies of membrane fusion at the cell plate have revealed the contribution of functionally conserved eukaryotic proteins to distinct stages of cell plate biogenesis and emphasize the coupling of cell plate formation with phragmoplast expansion. Together with novel findings concerning preprophase band function and the setup of the division site, cytokinesis and its spatial control remain an open-ended field with outstanding and challenging questions to resolve.

中文翻译：

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分区平面建立和细胞分裂

植物细胞通过形成一个新的膜隔室（细胞板）来分裂它们的细胞质内容物，这是通过将分泌途径改向分裂平面，并在称为成膜体的动态细胞骨架装置的帮助下进行的。phragmoplast 离心膨胀并将细胞板引导到质膜上的预选分裂位点与亲本壁融合。分裂位点由前前期和前期中的细胞骨架前前期带短暂装饰，而在过去十年中发现的许多蛋白质持续存在于分裂位点，并为成膜体引导提供持久的空间参考。最近对细胞板膜融合的研究揭示了功能保守的真核蛋白对细胞板生物发生不同阶段的贡献，并强调了细胞板形成与成膜体扩张的耦合。连同关于前期带功能和分裂位点设置的新发现，胞质分裂及其空间控制仍然是一个开放的领域，有待解决的突出和具有挑战性的问题。