Enhanced agricultural production through innovative breeding technology is urgently needed to increase access to nutritious foods worldwide. Recent advances in CRISPR/Cas genome editing enable efficient targeted modification in most crops, thus promising to accelerate crop improvement. Here, we review advances in CRISPR/Cas9 and its variants and examine their applications in plant genome editing and related manipulations. We highlight base-editing tools that enable targeted nucleotide substitutions and describe the various delivery systems, particularly DNA-free methods, that have linked genome editing with crop breeding. We summarize the applications of genome editing for trait improvement, development of techniques for fine-tuning gene regulation, strategies for breeding virus resistance, and the use of high-throughput mutant libraries. We outline future perspectives for genome editing in plant synthetic biology and domestication, advances in delivery systems, editing specificity, homology-directed repair, and gene drives. Finally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities for precision plant breeding and its bright future in agriculture.

中文翻译：

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CRISPR/Cas 基因组编辑和农业中的精准植物育种

迫切需要通过创新育种技术提高农业产量，以增加全世界对营养食品的获取。CRISPR/Cas 基因组编辑的最新进展使大多数作物的有效靶向修饰成为可能，从而有望加速作物改良。在这里，我们回顾了 CRISPR/Cas9 及其变体的进展，并研究了它们在植物基因组编辑和相关操作中的应用。我们重点介绍了能够进行靶向核苷酸替换的碱基编辑工具，并描述了将基因组编辑与作物育种联系起来的各种传递系统，尤其是无 DNA 方法。我们总结了基因组编辑在性状改进中的应用、微调基因调控技术的发展、育种病毒抗性的策略以及高通量突变文库的使用。我们概述了植物合成生物学和驯化中基因组编辑的未来前景、递送系统的进步、编辑特异性、同源定向修复和基因驱动。最后，我们讨论了精准植物育种的挑战和机遇及其在农业中的光明前景。