Since its commercialization in the late 1980s and the concurrent emergence of the field of tissue engineering, bacterial cellulose (BC) has attracted growing attention as a tissue engineering scaffold. It is commonly accepted that tissue scaffolds for implantation into the human body should be biocompatible, that is, non-toxic and non-immunogenic, biodegradable, and biomimetic, that is, mimic the tissue closely in structure and performance. In addition, ideal tissue scaffolds are bioactive, that is, stimulate and guide cell differentiation and tissue regeneration. This review evaluates BC according to these scaffold criteria and highlights recent approaches toward improved functionality. Advances in biotechnology, in situ templating, and surface engineering are paving the way toward biodegradable, microporous, bioactive BC scaffolds, tipping the balance of merits and limitations in favor of its widespread use in biomedical applications.

自从1980年代末商业化以及组织工程领域的同时出现以来，细菌纤维素（BC）作为组织工程支架已经引起了越来越多的关注。普遍认为，植入人体的组织支架应该是生物相容的，即无毒，无免疫原性，可生物降解和仿生，即在组织和性能上紧密模仿组织。另外，理想的组织支架具有生物活性，即刺激和引导细胞分化和组织再生。这篇综述根据这些支架标准评估了BC，并重点介绍了改善功能的最新方法。原位生物技术的进步 模板和表面工程正在为可生物降解的，微孔的，具有生物活性的BC支架铺平道路，在优点和局限性之间取得平衡，有利于其在生物医学应用中的广泛使用。