Malignant transformation of cells depends on accumulation of DNA damage. Over the past years we have learned that the T cell-based immune system frequently responds to the neoantigens that arise as a consequence of this DNA damage. Furthermore, recognition of neoantigens appears an important driver of the clinical activity of both T cell checkpoint blockade and adoptive T cell therapy as cancer immunotherapies. Here we review the evidence for the relevance of cancer neoantigens in tumor control and the biological properties of these antigens. We discuss recent technological advances utilized to identify neoantigens, and the T cells that recognize them, in individual patients. Finally, we discuss strategies that can be employed to exploit cancer neoantigens in clinical interventions.

中文翻译：

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癌症新抗原。

细胞的恶性转化取决于DNA损伤的积累。在过去的几年中，我们了解到基于T细胞的免疫系统经常会对这种DNA损伤产生的新抗原产生反应。此外，新抗原的识别似乎是T细胞检查点封锁和过继性T细胞疗法（作为癌症免疫疗法）的临床活性的重要驱动力。在这里，我们审查癌症新抗原与肿瘤控制和这些抗原的生物学特性的相关性的证据。我们讨论了在个体患者中用于鉴定新抗原和识别它们的T细胞的最新技术进展。最后，我们讨论了可用于在临床干预中开发癌症新抗原的策略。