Monocytes are innate blood cells that maintain vascular homeostasis and are early responders to pathogens in acute infections. There are three well-characterized classes of monocytes: classical (CD14+CD16- in humans and Ly6Chi in mice), intermediate (CD14+CD16+ in humans and Ly6C+Treml4+ in mice), and nonclassical (CD14-CD16+ in humans and Ly6Clo in mice). Classical monocytes are critical for the initial inflammatory response. Classical monocytes can differentiate into macrophages in tissue and can contribute to chronic disease. Nonclassical monocytes have been widely viewed as anti-inflammatory, as they maintain vascular homeostasis. They are a first line of defense in recognition and clearance of pathogens. However, their roles in chronic disease are less clear. They have been shown to be protective as well as positively associated with disease burden. This review focuses on the state of the monocyte biology field and the functions of monocytes, particularly nonclassical monocytes, in health and disease.

中文翻译：

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健康和疾病中的非经典单核细胞。

单核细胞是维持血管稳态的先天血细胞，是急性感染中病原体的早期反应者。有三类特征明确的单核细胞：经典（人类 CD14+CD16- 和小鼠 Ly6Chi）、中间（人类 CD14+CD16+ 和小鼠 Ly6C+Treml4+）和非经典（人类 CD14-CD16+ 和 Ly6Clo老鼠）。经典单核细胞对于初始炎症反应至关重要。经典的单核细胞可以在组织中分化为巨噬细胞，并可能导致慢性疾病。非经典单核细胞被广泛认为是抗炎的，因为它们维持血管稳态。它们是识别和清除病原体的第一道防线。然而，它们在慢性疾病中的作用尚不清楚。它们已被证明具有保护作用，并且与疾病负担呈正相关。本综述重点关注单核细胞生物学领域的现状以及单核细胞，特别是非经典单核细胞在健康和疾病中的功能。