CRISPR technology has opened a new era of genome interrogation and genome engineering. Discovered in bacteria, where it protects against bacteriophage by cleaving foreign nucleic acid sequences, the CRISPR system has been repurposed as an adaptable tool for genome editing and multiple other applications. CRISPR's ease of use, precision, and versatility have led to its widespread adoption, accelerating biomedical research and discovery in human cells and model organisms. Here we review CRISPR-based tools and discuss how they are being applied to decode the genetic circuits that control immune function in health and disease. Genetic variation in immune cells can affect autoimmune disease risk, infectious disease pathogenesis, and cancer immunotherapies. CRISPR provides unprecedented opportunities for functional mechanistic studies of coding and noncoding genome sequence function in immunity. Finally, we discuss the potential of CRISPR technology to engineer synthetic cellular immunotherapies for a wide range of human diseases.

中文翻译：

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基于CRISPR的免疫工具

CRISPR技术开启了基因组询问和基因组工程的新纪元。CRISPR系统发现于细菌中，可通过切割外源核酸序列来保护其免受噬菌体的侵害，已被重新用作基因组编辑和多种其他应用的适应性工具。CRISPR的易用性，精确度和多功能性已使其广泛采用，从而加速了生物医学在人类细胞和模型生物中的研究和发现。在这里，我们将回顾基于CRISPR的工具，并讨论如何将其用于解码控制健康和疾病中免疫功能的基因回路。免疫细胞的遗传变异会影响自身免疫疾病的风险，传染病的发病机制和癌症免疫疗法。CRISPR为免疫中编码和非编码基因组序列功能的功能机理研究提供了前所未有的机会。最后，我们讨论了CRISPR技术在设计广泛的人类疾病的合成细胞免疫疗法中的潜力。