The intestinal microbiota plays a crucial role in influencing the development of host immunity, and in turn the immune system also acts to regulate the microbiota through intestinal barrier maintenance and immune exclusion. Normally, these interactions are homeostatic, tightly controlled, and organized by both innate and adaptive immune responses. However, a combination of environmental exposures and genetic defects can result in a break in tolerance and intestinal homeostasis. The outcomes of these interactions at the mucosal interface have broad, systemic effects on host immunity and the development of chronic inflammatory or autoimmune disease. The underlying mechanisms and pathways the microbiota can utilize to regulate these diseases are just starting to emerge. Here, we discuss the recent evidence in this area describing the impact of microbiota-immune interactions during inflammation and autoimmunity, with a focus on barrier function and CD4+ T cell regulation.

中文翻译：

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炎症和自身免疫过程中T细胞的肠道菌群调控。

肠道菌群在影响宿主免疫力的发展中起着至关重要的作用，而免疫系统又通过维持肠屏障和免疫排斥来调节微生物群。通常，这些相互作用是稳态的，受到严格控制，并由先天性和适应性免疫反应组织。但是，环境暴露和遗传缺陷的结合会导致耐受性和肠道稳态​​的破坏。这些相互作用在粘膜界面的结果对宿主免疫和慢性炎性或自身免疫性疾病的发展具有广泛的系统性影响。微生物群可用来调节这些疾病的潜在机制和途径才刚刚开始出现。这里，