The infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an example of the translational research success. The reciprocal interactions between clinicians and scientists have allowed in 30 years the initiation of empirical treatments by interferon, the discovery of the virus, the development of serological and virological tools for diagnosis but also for prognosis (the non-invasive biochemical or morphological fibrosis tests, the predictors of the specific immune response including genetic IL28B polymorphisms). Finally, well-tolerated and effective treatments with oral antivirals inhibiting HCV non-structural viral proteins involved in viral replication have been marketed this last decade, allowing the cure of all infected subjects. HCV chronic infection, which is a public health issue, is a hepatic disease, which may lead to a cirrhosis and an hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) but also a systemic disease with extra-hepatic manifestations either associated with a cryoglobulinemic vasculitis or chronic inflammation. The HCV infection is the only chronic viral infection, which may be cured: the so-called sustained virologic response, defined by undetectable HCV RNA 12 weeks after the end of the treatment, significantly reduces the risk of morbidity and mortality associated with hepatic and extra-hepatic manifestations, which are mainly reversible. The history of HCV ends with the pangenotypic efficacy of the multiple combinations, easy to use for 8–12 weeks with one to three pills per day and little problems of tolerance. This explains the short 30 years from the virus discovery to the viral hepatitis elimination policy proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2016.

丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）感染是转化研究成功的一个例子。临床医生和科学家之间的相互互动使人们在30年内开始了干扰素的经验性治疗，发现病毒，开发了诊断和预后的血清学和病毒学工具（无创生物化学或形态学纤维化试验，特异性免疫反应的预测因子，包括遗传性IL28B多态性）。最后，在过去的十年中，已经上市了耐受性强，有效的治疗方法，该方法可以抑制涉及病毒复制的HCV非结构性病毒蛋白的口服抗病毒药，从而可以治愈所有感染的受试者。HCV慢性感染是公共卫生问题，是一种肝病，可能导致肝硬化和肝细胞癌（HCC），也可能是具有肝外表现的全身性疾病，与低温珠蛋白性血管炎或慢性炎症相关。HCV感染是唯一可以治愈的慢性病毒感染：在治疗结束后12周无法检测到的HCV RNA定义为所谓的持续病毒学应答，可显着降低与肝脏和其他疾病相关的发病率和死亡率的风险-肝表现，主要是可逆的。HCV的历史以多种组合的泛型疗效而告终，每天可使用1至3丸，易于使用8-12周，并且几乎没有耐受性问题。