Amphiphilic monomer units contain both hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups. They are characterized by affinity and antagonism simultaneously to both polar and nonpolar solvents, tend to settle themselves at solvent interfaces rather than in the bulk of the solvent and, thus, possess effective surface activity. For this reason, in selective solvents the macromolecules with amphiphilic monomer units self-assemble to complex morphologies with enlarged surface which could be similar to those formed by low-molecular surfactants, lipids and amphiphilic diblock-copolymers. In literature, macromolecules with amphiphilic monomer units are also referred to as polymer amphiphiles. When they consist of identical amphiphilic monomer units, they are called amphiphilic homopolymers. The article aims to review the macromolecular self-assembly driven by amphiphilicity of monomer units containing both solvophobic and solvophilic (hydrophobic and hydrophilic) groups. The particular attention is paid to the situation when such macromolecules assemble into the hollow and vesicle-like particles being especially prospective for different applications. We present the current state of experimental, computational and analytical research in this field and reveal the conditions favoring the formation of vesicles with thin (mono-, bi- or multilayer) membranes.

两亲性单体单元同时包含疏水基团和亲水基团。它们的特征在于同时对极性和非极性溶剂都具有亲和力和拮抗作用，它们倾向于在溶剂界面处而不是在大部分溶剂中沉降，因此具有有效的表面活性。因此，在选择性溶剂中，具有两亲性单体单元的大分子会自组装成表面扩大的复杂形态，这可能与低分子表面活性剂，脂质和两亲性二嵌段共聚物形成的形态相似。在文献中，具有两亲性单体单元的大分子也称为聚合物两亲性。当它们由相同的两亲单体单元组成时，它们称为两亲均聚物。本文旨在综述由同时具有疏溶剂性和亲溶剂性（疏水性和亲水性）基团的单体单元的两亲性驱动的大分子自组装。当这种大分子组装成中空的和囊状的颗粒时，特别注意这种情况，其对于不同的应用是特别有前景的。我们介绍了该领域的实验，计算和分析研究的现状，并揭示了有利于形成具有薄（单，双或多层）膜的囊泡的条件。