The possibility that a receptor for androgen is expressed in Breast Cancer (BC) is fascinating given that the tumor is predominantly estrogen-dependent.

The androgen receptor (AR) is emerging as a new marker and a potential new therapeutic target in the treatment of BC patients. The recent availability of selective AR inhibitors (e.g. bicalutamide, enzalutamide, apalutamide) approved for the treatment of prostate cancer has opened up the possibility to use them in BC patients whose tumors express AR. However, AR appears to have various functions according to the BC subtype, e.g. ER-positive or triple negative BC and the patient prognosis is different on the basis of the presence or absence of estrogen and progesterone receptors.

Moreover, a different AR expression was seen according to the various ethnicities. Of note, in population at low economical income, the availability of anti-AR compounds at low cost could open the possibility to treat AR-positive triple negative BC that are highly present in these populations.

Up to now, AR detection is not routinely performed in BC. The standardization of AR detection methods could render AR an easily detectable marker in primary BC and metastatic samples. Nevertheless, the overall concordance of 60% of AR expression in primary tumor and metastasis implies that a clinician who need the AR value to give anti-AR therapy should have the data on both the tumor materials.

Following the comprehensive studies on prostate cancer the possibility to test AR on liquid biopsies suggest the use of this biomarker for a real-time disease monitoring.

Finally, considering the possibility to treat patients with immune checkpoint inhibitors there is the need to know the relation between microenvironment and AR in BC.

考虑到肿瘤主要是雌激素依赖性的，因此在乳腺癌（BC）中表达雄激素受体的可能性令人着迷。

雄激素受体（AR）在BC患者的治疗中正在成为一种新的标志物和潜在的新治疗靶标。批准用于治疗前列腺癌的选择性AR抑制剂（例如比卡鲁胺，enzalutamide，apalutamide）的最新可用性为在肿瘤表达AR的BC患者中使用它们提供了可能性。然而，根据BC亚型，AR似乎具有各种功能，例如ER阳性或三阴性BC，并且根据雌激素和孕激素受体的存在或不存在，患者的预后会有所不同。

此外，根据不同种族，看到了不同的AR表达。值得注意的是，在经济收入低的人群中，低成本的抗AR化合物的提供可能为治疗在这些人群中高度存在的AR阳性三阴性BC开辟了可能性。

到目前为止，AR检测在BC中还没有常规执行。AR检测方法的标准化可以使AR在原发性BC和转移性样本中成为易于检测的标记。然而，原发性肿瘤和转移中AR表达的总体一致性为60％，这意味着需要AR值进行抗AR治疗的临床医生应同时获得两种肿瘤材料的数据。

在对前列腺癌进行全面研究之后，有可能在液体活检中测试AR的可能性表明该生物标记物可用于实时疾病监测。

最后，考虑到用免疫检查点抑制剂治疗患者的可能性，有必要了解微环境与BC中AR的关系。