Ongoing studies have determined that the gut microbiota is a major factor influencing both health and disease. Host genetic factors and environmental factors contribute to differences in gut microbiota composition and function. Intestinal dysbiosis is a cause or a contributory cause for diseases in multiple body systems, ranging from the digestive system to the immune, cardiovascular, respiratory, and even nervous system. Investigation of pathogenesis has identified specific species or strains, bacterial genes, and metabolites that play roles in certain diseases and represent potential drug targets. As research progresses, gut microbiome–based diagnosis and therapy are proposed and applied, which might lead to considerable progress in precision medicine. We further discuss the limitations of current studies and potential solutions.

中文翻译：

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肠道微生物组对人类健康和疾病的干预。

正在进行的研究已确定肠道菌群是影响健康和疾病的主要因素。宿主遗传因素和环境因素导致肠道菌群组成和功能的差异。肠道营养不良是多种身体系统疾病的原因或促成因素，其范围从消化系统到免疫系统，心血管系统，呼吸系统甚至神经系统。发病机理的研究已经确定了在某些疾病中起作用并代表潜在药物靶标的特定物种或菌株，细菌基因和代谢产物。随着研究的进展，提出并应用了基于肠道微生物组的诊断和治疗方法，这可能会在精密医学领域取得长足的进步。我们将进一步讨论当前研究的局限性和潜在的解决方案。