There is an urgent need to find alternatives to fish meal and fish oil in compound feeds due to their rapidly rising prices and the demand for sustainable fisheries. Spirulina, a filamentous blue‐green microalga, is an excellent source of plant protein and could replace expensive animal‐derived proteins in fish feed. Studies have evaluated the use of spirulina as a fish meal for different fish species. This paper reviews research on the effects of spirulina on the growth performance of various fish species. It is apparent that spirulina can be a highly important component of the diet of fish; it has a number of benefits, such as promoting the growth of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and carp (Labeo rohita), improving the reproductive performance of yellow tail cichlid (Pseudotropheus acei) and enhancing the immune response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Recent studies have shown that spirulina can be used for treating wastewater, including effluent from fish culture activities, as it can efficiently metabolize the nutrients and remove the heavy metals contained in aquaculture effluent. Fish aquaculture could apply an integrated strategy of simultaneously treating aquaculture effluent while producing spirulina biomass to supplement fish diets.

中文翻译：

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螺旋藻在水产养殖中的应用：废水处理和鱼类生长研究综述

由于价格迅速上涨以及对可持续渔业的需求，迫切需要寻找替代饲料中鱼粉和鱼油的替代品。螺旋藻是一种丝状的蓝绿色微藻，是植物蛋白的极佳来源，可以代替鱼饲料中昂贵的动物源蛋白。研究评估了螺旋藻在不​​同鱼类中作为鱼粉的用途。本文综述了螺旋藻对各种鱼类生长性能的影响研究。螺旋藻显然是鱼类饮食中非常重要的组成部分。它具有许多好处，例如促进罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）和鲤鱼（Labeo rohita）的生长，改善黄尾丽鱼科鱼的繁殖性能。Pseudotropheus acei）和增强虹鳟（Oncorhynchus mykiss）的免疫反应。最近的研究表明，螺旋藻可用于处理废水，包括鱼类养殖活动产生的废水，因为它可以有效地代谢养分并去除水产养殖废水中所含的重金属。鱼类水产养殖可采用一种综合策略，在生产螺旋藻生物质的同时，同时处理水产养殖废水，以补充鱼类日粮。