Infrastructures such as roads and pipelines have environmental impacts that diffuse far beyond the local development footprint, including fragmenting habitat or changing hydrology. Broad‐scale diffuse impacts are challenging to incorporate into conservation planning and strategic environmental assessment due to difficulties in determining how impacts spread across landscapes. We built curves representing expert‐elicited magnitudes and spatial extents of direct and diffuse impacts of infrastructure on biodiversity groups, to incorporate these impacts into a spatial conservation prioritization. We demonstrate how different prioritization outputs inform different steps of the impact assessment mitigation hierarchy. In southern Australia we find the diffuse‐impact footprint to be four times higher than direct (i.e., local) infrastructure impacts, with >75,000 km² of spatial priority areas for mitigation and >37,000 km² of spatial priority areas for offsets potentially missed if diffuse impacts are ignored. Understanding both direct and diffuse infrastructure impacts will avoid inefficient spatial allocation of environmental mitigation, restoration, and offsetting efforts.

中文翻译：

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将空间现实的基础设施影响整合到保护规划中，为战略环境评估提供依据

道路和管道等基础设施对环境的影响已远远超出了当地的发展范围，包括栖息地破碎或水文变化。由于难以确定影响在整个景观中的传播方式，因此将广泛的广泛影响纳入保护规划和战略环境评估具有挑战性。我们建立了代表基础设施对生物多样性群体的直接影响和扩散影响的程度和空间范围的曲线，以将这些影响纳入空间保护的优先次序。我们演示了不同的优先级输出如何告知影响评估缓解层次结构的不同步骤。在澳大利亚南部，我们发现分散影响的足迹是直接（即本地）基础设施影响的四倍，²缓解空间优先领域和>37000公里²为偏移空间优先领域的潜在错过，如果漫影响将被忽略。理解基础设施的直接影响和扩散影响将避免环境分配的无效空间，从而减少环境的影响，恢复和抵消工作。