Environmental pollution is a global concern due to the rapidly increasing population and industrialization. In this context, there is a strong need to develop green separation techniques to isolate pollutants from different sources. Polymer assemblies or hydrogel polymers are water-swollen and crosslinked polymeric materials capable of retaining large amounts of water in their 3D networks. Hydrogels function as excellent adsorbents in pollutant removal processes by binding heavy metal ions and/or organic compounds due to the presence of various functional groups in their polymeric networks (e.g., amide, amine, and carboxylic acid). Hydrogels have the benefits of simplicity, high adsorption, and easy recovery compared to other adsorbent materials that involve activated carbon, zeolites, silica gel, biomass, and inorganic mineral. For these reasons, hydrogels have received increased interest for environmental remediation applications over the past few decades. The objective of this review is to describe the issues related to the preparation of different hydrogels, their characterization process, their adsorption characteristics for various pollutants, and the technical viability of some applications.

由于人口的快速增长和工业化，环境污染已成为全球关注的问题。在这种情况下，迫切需要开发绿色分离技术，以隔离来自不同来源的污染物。聚合物组件或水凝胶聚合物是能够在其3D网络中保留大量水的水溶胀和交联的聚合物材料。水凝胶通过结合重金属离子和/或有机化合物（由于其聚合物网络中存在各种官能团，例如通过结合重金属离子和/或有机化合物）而在污染物去除过程中起着极好的吸附剂的作用。（酰胺，胺和羧酸）。与涉及活性炭，沸石，硅胶，生物质和无机矿物的其他吸附材料相比，水凝胶具有简单，高吸附和易于回收的优点。由于这些原因，在过去的几十年中，水凝胶对环境修复应用的兴趣日益浓厚。这篇综述的目的是描述与不同水凝胶的制备，它们的表征过程，它们对各种污染物的吸附特性以及某些应用的技术可行性有关的问题。