With much of Earth's surface already heavily impacted by humans, there is a need to understand where restoration is required to achieve global conservation goals. Here, we show that at least 1.9 million km² of land, spanning 190 (27%) terrestrial ecoregions and 114 countries, needs restoration to achieve the current 17% global protected area target (Aichi Target 11). Restoration targeted on lightly modified land could recover up to two‐thirds of the shortfall, which would have an opportunity cost impact on agriculture of at least $205 million per annum (average of $159/km²). However, 64 (9%) ecoregions, located predominately in Southeast Asia, will require the challenging task of restoring areas that are already heavily modified. These results highlight the need for global conservation strategies to recognize the current level of anthropogenic degradation across many ecoregions and balance bigger protected area targets with more specific restoration goals.

中文翻译：

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恢复优先事项以实现全球保护区目标

由于地球的大部分表面已经受到人类的严重影响，因此有必要了解实现全球保护目标所需的恢复位置。在这里，我们表明，至少1900000公里²的土地，跨越190（27％），陆地生态区域和114个国家，需要恢复达到目前17％的全球保护区的目标（目标爱知县11）。针对轻度改良土地的恢复可能会弥补短缺的三分之二，这将每年至少对农业造成2.05亿美元的机会成本影响（平均159美元/ km ²）。但是，主要位于东南亚的64个（9％）生态区将需要具有挑战性的任务来恢复已经被大量改造的地区。这些结果凸显了全球保护战略的必要性，以认识到许多生态区域目前的人为退化水平，并在更大的保护区目标与更具体的恢复目标之间取得平衡。