The field of environmental health has been dominated by modeling associations, especially by regressing an observed outcome on a linear or nonlinear function of observed covariates. Readers interested in advances in policies for improving environmental health are, however, expecting to be informed about health effects resulting from, or more explicitly caused by, environmental exposures. The quantification of health impacts resulting from the removal of environmental exposures involves causal statements. Therefore, when possible, causal inference frameworks should be considered for analyzing the effects of environmental exposures on health outcomes.

中文翻译：

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环境健康中的因果模型。

环境健康领域一直以关联建模为主，特别是通过将观察到的结果回归到观察到的协变量的线性或非线性函数上。然而，对改善环境健康政策进展感兴趣的读者希望了解环境暴露造成的或更明确的健康影响。消除环境暴露所造成的健康影响的量化涉及因果关系陈述。因此，在可能的情况下，应考虑因果推理框架来分析环境暴露对健康结果的影响。