Increased energy demands and innovations in upstream oil and natural gas (ONG) extraction technologies have enabled the United States to become one of the world's leading producers of petroleum and natural gas hydrocarbons. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) lists 187 hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) that are known or suspected to cause cancer or other serious health effects. Several of these HAPs have been measured at elevated concentrations around ONG sites, but most have not been studied in the context of upstream development. In this review, we analyzed recent global peer-reviewed articles that investigated HAPs near ONG operations to ( a) identify HAPs associated with upstream ONG development, ( b) identify their specific sources in upstream processes, and ( c) examine the potential for adverse health outcomes from HAPs emitted during these phases of hydrocarbon development.

中文翻译：

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与上游石油和天然气开发相关的有害空气污染物：当前同行评审文献的重要综述。

不断增长的能源需求以及上游石油和天然气（ONG）提取技术的创新使美国成为全球领先的石油和天然气碳氢化合物生产国之一。美国环境保护署（EPA）列出了187种已知或怀疑会导致癌症或其他严重健康危害的有害空气污染物（HAP）。已在ONG站点附近以升高的浓度测量了其中的一些HAP，但尚未在上游开发的背景下对其进行研究。在这篇评论中，我们分析了近期全球同行评审的文章，这些文章调查了ONG运营附近的HAP，以（a）识别与上游ONG开发相关的HAP，（b）识别其在上游流程中的特定来源，