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Health Impact Assessment of Transportation Projects and Policies: Living Up to Aims of Advancing Population Health and Health Equity?
Annual Review of Public Health ( IF 21.4 ) Pub Date : 2019-01-02 , DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040617-013836
Brian L Cole 1, 2 , Kara E MacLeod 3 , Raenita Spriggs 1
Affiliation  

Health impact assessment (HIA) is a forward-looking, evidence-based tool used to inform stakeholders and policy makers about the potential health effects of proposed projects and policies and to identify options for maximizing potential health benefits and minimizing potential harm. This review examines how health equity, a core principle of health impact assessment (HIA), has been operationalized in HIAs conducted in the United States in one sector, transportation. Two perspectives on promoting health equity appear in the broader public health research literature; one aims at reducing disparities in health determinants and outcomes in affected populations, whereas the other focuses on facilitating community participation and self-determination. Variations in how these perspectives are applied in HIA informed our typology of five ways of addressing health equity in HIA. Transportation HIAs commonly included two of these-selecting vulnerable populations for the focus of the HIA and stakeholder engagement, seen in more than 70% of the 96 HIAs reviewed. Fewer than half of the HIAs assessed current health disparities or changes in their distribution. Only 15% of HIAs addressed equity by focusing on capabilities development or empowerment. Routinely assessing and reporting how an HIA aims to address health equity might better manage expectations and could make HIA practitioners and users more conscious of how an HIA can realistically be used to advance health equity.

中文翻译:

运输项目和政策的健康影响评估:不辜负促进人口健康和健康公平的目标吗?

健康影响评估(HIA)是一种前瞻性的,基于证据的工具,用于告知利益相关者和政策制定者拟议项目和政策对健康的潜在影响,并确定使潜在健康收益最大化和潜在危害最小化的方案。这项审查检查了健康公平作为健康影响评估(HIA)的一项核心原则,如何在美国的交通运输行业(HIA)中实施了健康公平评估。在更广泛的公共卫生研究文献中出现了两种促进健康平等的观点。一个目标是减少受影响人群健康决定因素和结果方面的差异,而另一个目标则是促进社区参与和自决。这些观点在HIA中的应用方式有所不同,这为我们的类型学提供了解决HIA中的健康公平问题的五种方法。运输HIA通常包括两个选择的脆弱人群,以HIA和利益相关者的参与为重点,在所审查的96个HIA中,有70%以上是这种情况。不到一半的HIA对当前的健康差异或分布变化进行了评估。只有15%的HIA通过专注于能力开发或授权来解决公平问题。定期评估和报告HIA如何解决健康公平问题可能会更好地管理期望,并使HIA从业者和用户更加了解如何切实使用HIA来促进健康公平。运输HIA通常包括两个选择的脆弱人群,以HIA和利益相关者的参与为重点,在所审查的96个HIA中,有70%以上是这种情况。不到一半的HIA对当前的健康差异或分布变化进行了评估。只有15%的HIA通过专注于能力开发或授权来解决公平问题。定期评估和报告HIA如何解决健康公平问题可能会更好地管理期望,并使HIA从业者和用户更加了解如何切实使用HIA来促进健康公平。运输HIA通常包括两个选择的脆弱人群,以HIA和利益相关者的参与为重点,在所审查的96个HIA中,有70%以上是这种情况。不到一半的HIA对当前的健康差异或分布变化进行了评估。只有15%的HIA通过专注于能力开发或授权来解决公平问题。定期评估和报告HIA如何解决健康公平问题可能会更好地管理期望,并使HIA从业者和用户更加了解如何切实使用HIA来促进健康公平。只有15%的HIA通过专注于能力开发或授权来解决公平问题。定期评估和报告HIA如何解决健康公平问题可能会更好地管理期望,并使HIA从业者和用户更加了解如何切实使用HIA来促进健康公平。只有15%的HIA通过专注于能力开发或授权来解决公平问题。定期评估和报告HIA如何解决健康公平问题可能会更好地管理期望,并使HIA从业者和用户更加了解如何切实使用HIA来促进健康公平。
更新日期:2019-04-01
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