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Human vitreous in proliferative diabetic retinopathy: Characterization and translational implications
Progress in Retinal and Eye Research ( IF 18.6 ) Pub Date : 2019-04-02 , DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.03.002
Imtiaz M. Nawaz , Sara Rezzola , Anna Cancarini , Andrea Russo , Ciro Costagliola , Francesco Semeraro , Marco Presta

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of visual impairment in the working-age population. DR is a progressive eye disease caused by long-term accumulation of hyperglycaemia-mediated pathological alterations in the retina of diabetic patients. DR begins with asymptomatic retinal abnormalities and may progress to advanced-stage proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), characterized by neovascularization or preretinal/vitreous haemorrhages. The vitreous, a transparent gel that fills the posterior cavity of the eye, plays a vital role in maintaining ocular function. Structural and molecular alterations of the vitreous, observed during DR progression, are consequences of metabolic and functional modifications of the retinal tissue. Thus, vitreal alterations reflect the pathological events occurring at the vitreoretinal interface. These events are caused by hypoxic, oxidative, inflammatory, neurodegenerative, and leukostatic conditions that occur during diabetes. Conversely, PDR vitreous can exert pathological effects on the diabetic retina, resulting in activation of a vicious cycle that contributes to disease progression. In this review, we recapitulate the major pathological features of DR/PDR, and focus on the structural and molecular changes that characterize the vitreal structure and composition during DR and progression to PDR. In PDR, vitreous represents a reservoir of pathological signalling molecules. Therefore, in this review we discuss how studying the biological activity of the vitreous in different in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo experimental models can provide insights into the pathogenesis of PDR. In addition, the vitreous from PDR patients can represent a novel tool to obtain preclinical experimental evidences for the development and characterization of new therapeutic drug candidates for PDR therapy.



中文翻译:

增生性糖尿病视网膜病变中的玻璃体:表征和翻译的意义。

糖尿病性视网膜病(DR)是工作年龄人群视力障碍的主要原因之一。DR是由糖尿病患者视网膜中高血糖介导的病理改变的长期积累引起的进行性眼病。DR开始于无症状的视网膜异常,并可能进展为晚期增生性糖尿病视网膜病变(PDR),其特征是新生血管形成或视网膜前/玻璃体出血。玻璃体是填充眼睛后腔的透明凝胶,在维持眼功能方面起着至关重要的作用。在DR进展过程中观察到的玻璃体结构和分子改变是视网膜组织的代谢和功能改变的结果。因此,玻璃体改变反映了在玻璃体视网膜界面发生的病理事件。这些事件是由糖尿病期间发生的低氧,氧化,炎性,神经退行性和白细胞静息状况引起的。相反,PDR玻璃体可对糖尿病视网膜产生病理作用,导致恶性循环的激活,从而促进疾病的进展。在这篇综述中,我们概述了DR / PDR的主要病理特征,并着重于表征DR和发展为PDR期间玻璃体结构和组成的特征的结构和分子变化。在PDR中,玻璃体代表病理信号分子的储存库。因此,在这篇综述中,我们讨论了如何研究不同环境下玻璃体的生物活性。PDR玻璃体可对糖尿病视网膜产生病理作用,导致恶性循环的激活,从而促进疾病的进展。在这篇综述中,我们概述了DR / PDR的主要病理特征,并着重于表征DR和发展为PDR期间玻璃体结构和组成的特征的结构和分子变化。在PDR中,玻璃体代表病理信号分子的储存库。因此,在这篇综述中,我们讨论了如何研究不同环境下玻璃体的生物活性。PDR玻璃体可对糖尿病视网膜产生病理作用,导致恶性循环的激活,从而促进疾病的进展。在这篇综述中,我们概述了DR / PDR的主要病理特征,并着重于表征DR和发展为PDR期间玻璃体结构和组成的特征的结构和分子变化。在PDR中,玻璃体代表病理信号分子的储存库。因此,在这篇综述中,我们讨论了如何研究不同状态下玻璃体的生物活性。并着重研究DR和逐步发展为PDR期间表征玻璃体结构和组成的结构和分子变化。在PDR中,玻璃体代表病理信号分子的储存库。因此,在这篇综述中,我们讨论了如何研究不同环境下玻璃体的生物活性。并着重研究DR和逐步发展为PDR期间表征玻璃体结构和组成的结构和分子变化。在PDR中,玻璃体代表病理信号分子的储存库。因此,在这篇综述中,我们讨论了如何研究不同环境下玻璃体的生物活性。体外离体体内实验模型可以提供有关PDR发病机理的见解。另外,来自PDR患者的玻璃体可以代表一种新颖的工具,以获得用于PDR疗法的新治疗药物候选物的开发和表征的临床前实验证据。

更新日期:2019-04-02
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