Memory encoding is a critical process for memory function, which is foundational for cognitive functioning including reading, and has been extensively studied using subsequent memory tasks. Research in adults using such tasks indicates the participation of visual and cognitive-control systems in remembered versus forgotten words. However, given the known developmental trajectories of these systems, the functional neuroanatomy of memory encoding in children may be different than in adults. We examined brain activation for silent word reading and checkerboard viewing during an event-related reading task in 8-12 year-old children. Results indicate greater activation for checkerboard viewing than lexical processing in early visual regions, as well as for lexical processing versus checkerboard viewing in regions in left sensorimotor mouth, cingulo-opercular and dorsal-attention networks. Greater activation for remembered than forgotten words was observed in bilateral visual system and left lateralized regions within the ventral- and dorsal-attention, cingulo-opercular and fronto-parietal networks. These findings suggest a relatively mature reliance on the cognitive-control system, but greater reliance on the visual system in children when viewing words subsequently remembered. The location of regions with greater activity for remembered words reinforces the involvement of the attention and cognitive-control systems in subsequent memory in reading.

中文翻译：

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孩子们在后续的内存读取任务中使用视觉处理和执行功能网络中的区域。

记忆编码是记忆功能的关键过程，是记忆功能（包括阅读）的基础，并且已使用后续记忆任务进行了广泛研究。对使用此类任务的成年人进行的研究表明，视觉和认知控制系统参与了记忆中和遗忘中的单词。但是，鉴于这些系统的已知发育轨迹，儿童中记忆编码的功能性神经解剖学可能与成年人不同。我们在8-12岁儿童的与事件相关的阅读任务中检查了大脑的激活情况，以进行无声单词阅读和棋盘格查看。结果表明，与早期视觉区域中的词法处理相比，棋盘查看的激活程度更高；在左感觉运动嘴中的区域中，与词法处理相比，词汇处理的激活程度更高，扣带-耳膜和背侧注意网络。在双侧视觉系统中，在腹侧和背侧注意区，扣腹膜和额顶网络中，左侧记忆区域的记忆比遗忘单词的激发更大。这些发现表明，对认知控制系统的依赖相对成熟，但是在观看随后记住的单词时，儿童对视觉系统的依赖性更大。对于记住的单词，具有较大活动性的区域的位置加强了注意力和认知控制系统在随后的阅读记忆中的参与。环舌顶和额顶网络。这些发现表明，对认知控制系统的依赖相对成熟，但是在观看随后记住的单词时，儿童对视觉系统的依赖性更大。对于记住的单词，具有较大活动性的区域的位置加强了注意力和认知控制系统在随后的阅读记忆中的参与。耳顶-顶突和额顶顶网络。这些发现表明，对认知控制系统的依赖相对成熟，但是在观看随后记住的单词时，儿童对视觉系统的依赖性更大。对于记住的单词，具有较大活动性的区域的位置加强了注意力和认知控制系统在随后的阅读记忆中的参与。