MicroRNA-215 (miR-215) is one of the extensively studied microRNAs (miRNAs) in human diseases, especially in different types of cancer, where it plays various roles in the initiation and progression of tumors. There is also a high conservation of miR-215 among wide range of different species indicating that this miRNA may have vital functions that are maintained during evolution. During the last ten years, significant efforts were dedicated to uncover molecular mechanisms of miR-215 regulation and cellular functioning. In addition, miR-215 was repeatedly identified to have the causal roles in pathology of various diseases, where it may serve as a promising diagnostic, prognostic or predictive biomarker and as a therapeutic target. Here, we overview more than 150 reports focused on miR-215 to allow the synthesis of knowledge on its transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation, and functioning in essential biological processes like cell and tissue development, cell survival, cell cycle and proliferation, cell migration and invasion, cellular microenvironment communication, and metabolism. Further, we summarized the findings on miR-215 roles in pathology of nonmalignant diseases and various types of cancer with special focus on miR-215 as a promising molecule for future development of theranostic miRNA-based approaches. Although it is difficult to evaluate the full theranostic potential of miR-215, it is probable that during the following years, an increasing number of theranostic miRNA modalities that overcome the current technological obstacles will appear, and enable the translation of miR-215 knowledge into the clinic.

MicroRNA-215（miR-215）是在人类疾病（尤其是在不同类型的癌症中）中广泛研究的microRNA（miRNA）之一，它在肿瘤的发生和发展中起着不同的作用。在各种不同物种中，miR-215的保守性也很高，这表明该miRNA可能具有在进化过程中得以维持的重要功能。在过去的十年中，致力于发现miR-215调控和细胞功能的分子机制。另外，miR-215被反复鉴定为在各种疾病的病理学中具有因果作用，在其中它可以用作有前途的诊断，预后或预测性生物标志物以及治疗靶标。这里，我们概述了150多个专注于miR-215的报告，以合成有关其转录和转录后调控的知识，并在诸如细胞和组织发育，细胞存活，细胞周期与增殖，细胞迁移和侵袭等基本生物学过程中发挥作用，细胞微环境交流和新陈代谢。此外，我们总结了关于miR-215在非恶性疾病和各种类型癌症的病理学中的发现，特别关注miR-215作为基于核糖核酸miRNA的治疗方法的未来发展的有希望的分子。尽管很难评估miR-215的全部治疗潜力，但在接下来的几年中，可能会出现越来越多的克服现有技术障碍的治疗性miRNA模式，