Data sources PubMed, the Cochrane Library and the Web of Science databases supplemented by a search of selected textbooks and the reference lists of included papers.

Study selection Two reviewers independently selected studies. Studies involving more than ten TMD patients published in English or Swedish were considered.

Data extraction and synthesis Two reviewers independently abstracted data and assessed risk of bias using the Joanna Briggs Institute prevalence critical appraisal pool and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.

Results Twenty-five studies were included. Seventeen described the prevalence or incidence in a TMD population, five reported prevalence and treatment outcomes and three treatment outcomes only. Prevalence of tinnitus ranged from 3.7% to 70% (median 42.3%) in TMD patients compared with 1.7% to 26% (median 12%) in control groups. Only one study provided evidence that treatment could improve symptoms compared with no treatment.

Conclusions This systematic review found a higher prevalence of tinnitus in patients with TMD compared with the general population. This supports the comorbidity between TMD and tinnitus; however, all but one of the included primary studies on treatment of TMD lacked control groups, which means that future research should target the pathophysiological association.

数据来源PubMed，Cochrane图书馆和Web of Science数据库，通过搜索选定的教科书和所含论文的参考文献清单得到补充。

研究选择两名审稿人独立选择研究。考虑了以英语或瑞典语发表的涉及十多名TMD患者的研究。

数据提取和综合两名审阅者使用乔安娜·布里格斯研究所的患病率关键评估池和纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表独立提取数据并评估偏倚风险。

结果纳入了25项研究。十七名描述了TMD人群的患病率或发病率，五名报告了患病率和治疗结果，仅三项治疗结果。在TMD患者中，耳鸣的患病率为3.7％至70％（中位数为42.3％），而对照组的耳鸣患病率为1.7％至26％（中位数为12％）。只有一项研究提供了证据，表明与不治疗相比，治疗可以改善症状。

结论该系统评价发现，与普通人群相比，TMD患者的耳鸣患病率更高。这支持了TMD和耳鸣的合并症。然而，除一项有关TMD治疗的主要研究外，所有研究均缺乏对照组，这意味着未来的研究应针对病理生理学关联。