Data sources Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register, CENTRAL, ClinicalTrials.gov, the National Research Register and Pro-Quest Dissertation Abstracts and Thesis databases.

Study selection Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) non-randomised, or quasi-randomised controlled trials, prospective and retrospective studies involving the assessment of success or failure of palatal implants or palatal mini-screws for orthodontic anchorage reinforcement were considered.

Data extraction and synthesis Two reviewers independently selected the studies, extracted data and assessed risk of bias. A narrative synthesis was presented.

Results Twenty-seven studies (four RCTs, 12 prospective and 11 retrospective studies) were included.

Conclusions No clinically meaningful difference in failure risk seems to exist between palatal implants and mini-screws, however the quality of the available evidence is very low. The studies included between 9 to 384 palatal implants or mini-screws with follow up period ranging from 2 - 35.6 months (median = 17.9). The risk of failure (18 studies) ranged from 0.0 - 26.1% (median 6.0%). The risk of failure in the four RCTS ranged from 2.5 -26.1% (median = 8.8%).

数据来源Medline，Embase，Cochrane口腔健康小组的试验注册，CENTRAL，ClinicalTrials.gov，国家研究注册以及Pro-Quest论文摘要和论文数据库。

研究选择考虑了随机对照试验（RCT），非随机或半随机对照试验，前瞻性和回顾性研究，这些评估涉及implant骨植入物或mini骨微型螺钉用于正畸锚固加固的成败评估。

数据提取和综合两名评价员独立选择研究，提取数据并评估偏倚风险。介绍了叙事综合。

结果纳入了27项研究（4项RCT，12项前瞻性研究和11项回顾性研究）。

结论pa骨植入物和微型螺钉之间似乎没有临床意义上的失败风险差异，但是现有证据的质量非常低。研究包括9到384个between植入物或小螺钉，随访时间为2-35.6个月（中位数= 17.9）。失败的风险（18个研究）在0.0-26.1％之间（中位数6.0％）。四个RCTS中失败的风险范围为2.5 -26.1％（中位数= 8.8％）。