Understanding bottom‐up, top‐down, and abiotic factors along with interactions that may influence additive or compensatory effects of predation on ungulate population growth has become increasingly important as carnivore assemblages, land management policies, and climate variability change across western North America. Recruitment and population trends of elk (Cervus canadensis) have been downward in the last 4 decades across the northern Rocky Mountains and Pacific Northwest, USA. In Oregon, changes in vegetation composition and land use practices occurred, cougar (Puma concolor) populations recovered from near‐extirpation, and black bear (Ursus americanus) populations increased. Our goal was to provide managers with insight into the influence of annual climatic variation, and bottom‐up and top‐down factors affecting recruitment of elk in Oregon. We conducted our research in southwestern (SW; Toketee and Steamboat) and northeastern (NE; Wenaha and Sled Springs) Oregon, which had similar predator assemblages but differed in patterns of juvenile recruitment, climate, cougar densities, and vegetative characteristics.

中文翻译：

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母体状况和捕食在俄勒冈州麋鹿生存中的作用

随着北美西部食肉动物的聚集，土地管理政策和气候多变性的变化，了解自下而上，自上而下和非生物因素以及可能影响捕食对有蹄类种群增长的加性或补偿性影响的相互作用变得越来越重要。在过去的40年中，美国落基山脉北部和西北太平洋地区的麋鹿（加拿大鹿）的招聘和人口趋势一直呈下降趋势。在俄勒冈州，植被组成和土地使用方式发生了变化，美洲豹（Puma concolor）种群从濒临灭绝的地方恢复了生活，黑熊（美洲熊熊（Ursus americanus））人口增加。我们的目标是为管理人员提供有关年度气候变化的影响以及影响俄勒冈州麋鹿招聘的自下而上和自上而下的因素的见解。我们在俄勒冈州的西南部（SW; Toketee和Steamboat）和东北部（NE; Wenaha和Sled Springs）进行了研究，捕食者的组合相似，但幼体的招募方式，气候，美洲狮的密度和植物特征不同。