Diffusion MRI in the brain – theory and concepts,Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

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Diffusion MRI in the brain – theory and concepts
Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ( IF 7.3 ) Pub Date : 2019-06-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2019.03.001
J-Donald Tournier ₁

Affiliation

Over the past two decades, diffusion MRI has become an essential tool in neuroimaging investigations. This is due to its sensitivity to the motion of water molecules as they diffuse through the microstructural environment, allowing diffusion MRI to be used as a 'probe' of tissue microstructure. Furthermore, this sensitivity is strongly direction-dependent, notably in brain white matter, due to the alignment of structures that restrict or hinder the motion of water molecules, notably axonal membranes. This provides a means of inferring the orientation of fibres in vivo, and by use of appropriate fibre-tracking algorithms, of delineating the path of white matter tracts in the brain. The ability to perform so-called tractography in humans in vivo non-invasively is unique to diffusion MRI, and is now used in applications such as neurosurgery planning and more broadly within investigations of brain connectomics. This review describes the theory and concepts of diffusion MRI and describes its most important areas of application in the brain, with a strong focus on tractography.

中文翻译：

大脑中的弥散 MRI - 理论和概念

在过去的二十年中，扩散 MRI 已成为神经影像学研究的重要工具。这是因为它对水分子在微观结构环境中扩散时的运动敏感，允许扩散 MRI 用作组织微观结构的“探针”。此外，这种敏感性强烈依赖于方向，尤其是在大脑白质中，这是由于限制或阻碍水分子运动的结构排列，特别是轴突膜。这提供了一种推断体内纤维方向的方法，并通过使用适当的纤维跟踪算法来描绘大脑中白质束的路径。在人体中无创地进行所谓的牵引成像的能力是弥散 MRI 所独有的，现在用于神经外科规划等应用，更广泛地用于大脑连接组学的研究。这篇综述描述了扩散 MRI 的理论和概念，并描述了其在大脑中最重要的应用领域，重点是纤维束成像。

更新日期：2019-06-01

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