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Characterization of Top Leader Elongation in Nordmann Fir (Abies nordmanniana)
Journal of Plant Growth Regulation ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2019-03-13 , DOI: 10.1007/s00344-019-09938-5
Helle Juel Martens , Steen Sørensen , Meike Burow , Bjarke Veierskov

Our understanding of the developmental changes that occur during top leader elongation in gymnosperms lags behind that in angiosperms. We developed a semiquantitative method for determining epidermal cell size, by measuring the Feret diameter after cell wall staining of stem epidermal peels. This method allowed a large number of cells to be measured at various locations in the top leader of the Christmas tree Abies nordmanniana. Further, we have identified the growth rate of individual sections of the top leader, and the relationship between cell length and needle arrangement throughout the top leader. At bud break, all stem units begin to elongate simultaneously, but growth ceases from the base upwards during top leader elongation. Long top leaders were characterized by having up to three times as long cells at the base compared to short top leaders, whereas the cell lengths were similar in the apical region independent of the given plant growth capacity. In the basal sector, the level of auxin was much higher, whereas the levels of cytokinins were lower than in the apical sector, causing the auxin/cytokinin ratio to change from about 3 in the apical sector to more than 20 in the basal part. The Fibonacci number changed in the apical sector due to an increased cell number in the stem units and therefore longer distance between the needles. We conclude that the general growth pattern during top leader elongation in A. nordmanniana is similar to angiosperms but differs at the cellular level.

中文翻译:

诺德曼冷杉 (Abies nordmanniana) 中顶杆伸长的表征

我们对裸子植物顶端前导伸长过程中发生的发育变化的理解落后于被子植物。我们开发了一种半定量方法,通过测量茎表皮细胞壁染色后的 Feret 直径来确定表皮细胞大小。这种方法允许在圣诞树 Abies nordmanniana 的最高领导者的不同位置测量大量细胞。此外,我们已经确定了最高领导者各个部分的增长率,以及整个最高领导者的细胞长度和针排列之间的关系。在芽破时,所有茎单元同时开始伸长,但在顶部先导伸长期间从基部向上停止生长。与短的顶部前导相比,长顶部前导的特征是底部细胞长三倍,而顶部区域的细胞长度相似,与给定的植物生长能力无关。在基部,生长素的含量要高得多,而细胞分裂素的含量却低于顶端,导致生长素/细胞分裂素比从顶端的约3变为基部的20以上。由于茎单元中的细胞数量增加,因此针之间的距离更长,因此顶端部分的斐波那契数发生了变化。我们得出结论,A. nordmanniana 顶部前导伸长过程中的一般生长模式与被子植物相似,但在细胞水平上有所不同。而细胞长度在顶端区域相似,与给定的植物生长能力无关。在基部,生长素的含量要高得多,而细胞分裂素的含量却低于顶端,导致生长素/细胞分裂素比从顶端的约3变为基部的20以上。由于茎单元中的细胞数量增加,因此针之间的距离更长,因此顶端部分的斐波那契数发生了变化。我们得出结论,A. nordmanniana 顶部前导伸长过程中的一般生长模式与被子植物相似,但在细胞水平上有所不同。而细胞长度在顶端区域相似,与给定的植物生长能力无关。在基部,生长素的含量要高得多,而细胞分裂素的含量却低于顶端,导致生长素/细胞分裂素比从顶端的约3变为基部的20以上。由于茎单元中的细胞数量增加,因此针之间的距离更长,因此顶端部分的斐波那契数发生了变化。我们得出结论,A. nordmanniana 顶部前导伸长过程中的一般生长模式与被子植物相似,但在细胞水平上有所不同。导致生长素/细胞分裂素比率从顶端部分的约 3 变为基部的 20 以上。由于茎单元中的细胞数量增加,因此针之间的距离更长,因此顶端部分的斐波那契数发生了变化。我们得出结论,A. nordmanniana 顶部前导伸长过程中的一般生长模式与被子植物相似,但在细胞水平上有所不同。导致生长素/细胞分裂素比率从顶端部分的约 3 变为基部的 20 以上。由于茎单元中的细胞数量增加,因此针之间的距离更长,因此顶端部分的斐波那契数发生了变化。我们得出结论,A. nordmanniana 顶部前导伸长过程中的一般生长模式与被子植物相似,但在细胞水平上有所不同。
更新日期:2019-03-13
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